Johann Heinrich Amadeus de Graaf, known as Johnny all his life, was
born on May 11, 1894, in Nordenham, near Bremerhaven in northwest
Germany. He died at age 86 on December 2, 1980, in Brockville,
Ontario, where he and his wife ran a tourist lodge. That he lived as
long as he did is miraculous considering that he had spent many years
acting as a double agent, pretending to work for Soviet intelligence
while really functioning as an operative for Britain s Mi6.His life
had many twists and turns, and murder, treachery, intrigue, and
violence were never far from his doorstep. Eventually joining the
Spartacus Bund in 1919, which evolved into the German Communist
Party, he later became a staunch anti-Communist and played a key role
in undermining the efforts of Communists in Brazil to oust the
government of Getúlio Vargas in 1935. After retiring from Mi6, he
even volunteered his services to the FBI's J. Edgar Hoover in
1950.Based on documents from multiple government archives as well as
many interviews, the most important of which was a series that Gordon
Scott conducted with Johnny in 1975-76, this story of the life of a
spy who hid behind sixty-eight different aliases during the course of
his colorful career is a gripping tale of espionage and
counterespionage during a critical period of the political history of
the twentieth century.
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